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Assessment of biochemical and molecular biomarkers for diagnosis\prognosis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Iraqi patients. Background: Glutathione (GSH) is an important non-enzymatic antioxidant preventing damage to important cellular components caused by reactive oxygen species such as free radicals and peroxides (Humphries, et al., 2013). GSH protect cells against toxic free radicals involved in the synthesis and repair of DNA, and serves as a reductant antioxidant in oxidation reduction resulting in the formation of oxidized GSH (Wu et al, 2004). Malondialdehyde (MDA) is made up by free radicals during tissue damage when (ROS) degrade polyunsaturated lipids, and used in the measurement of oxidative stress (Halliwell, 2007). ROS-related damages in lymphocytes from patients with monoclonal B-lymphocytosis and CLL reported increased levels of oxidatively modified DNA and lipids in the sera of untreated CLL patients due to increased oxidative phosphorylation in CLL cells (Jitschin, et. al., 2014). Objectives: To assess the hematological profile in CLL patients and healthy subjects. Moreover, to detect the antioxidant defense mechanisms in serum of CLL patients and healthy subjects such as glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Finally, to determine the IGHV mutational status using Rt-PCR and DNA sequencing. Methodology: This study was conducted on randomly selected 55 CLL patients referred to the National Center of hematology\AL-Mustansiyria University. CLL patients included (18) newly diagnosed untreated patients (12 males and 6 females), with a mean age of (55±12) yr and age range of (40-80)yr. This study includes (37) already diagnosed CLL patients who are currently receiving treatment. They included (28) males and (9) females, with a mean age of (57±9) yr and on age range of (45-71) yr. Nineteen (19) apparently healthy subjects were also involved in this study. They included (9) males and (10) females, with a mean age of (61 ± 17) yr. and an age range of (30-90) yr. Results: Serum levels of the major antioxidant, glutathione (GSH) showed a significant decline and serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly elevated in untreated CLL patients. Real Time-PCR results showed the presence of mutated in IgVH in 3/8 untreated and 4/8 treated CLL patients, while healthy controls did not show any mutation in IgVH. Conclusion: CLL patients of the present study showed various biochemical, and molecular changes.

Assessment of Biochemical and Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnosis\Prognosis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Iraqi Patients