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Petunia ( Petunia ×hybrida ) is an important ornamental plant, and its branch development has become a hot research topic. In this study,  PhSDG8 , an ortholog of  SET domain group 8  ( SDG8 ), was cloned from the petunia cultivar Mitchell Diploid. It had an open reading frame (ORF) of 5070 bp and encoded 1689 amino acids, with Suppressor variegation 3–9, Enhancer of zeste, Trithorax (SET), Zinc finger-cysteine and tryptophan conserved (Zf-CW), associated with SET (AWS) and Post SET domains. The predicted amino acid sequence of PhSDG8 was most closely related to  Nicotiana sylvestris  ASHH2 (NsASHH2). Expression analysis revealed that  PhSDG8  expressed highest in the stems and lowest in the axil. Subcellular localization analysis showed that PhSDG8 was localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of  PhSDG8  reduced the branch number of  Arabidopsis thaliana sdg8-2 . The silencing of  PhSDG8  resulted in an increase in the number of branches of petunia and significant upregulation of  PhUGT74E2 . These results suggested that  PhSDG8  may be a candidate gene for regulating the branching of petunia.

Isolation of the Histone Lysine Methyltransferase Gene PhSDG8 and Characterization of Function in Shoot Branching