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ThegenusDendrobiumisimportantintraditionalChineseherbalmedicine,andthepreciseidentificationof Dendrobium species is critical for the treatment and for pharmacological research. In the present study, a ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region-based analysis was used to ascertain the phylogenetic relationship among 20 Dendrobium species. The lengths of the ITS regions among the 20 species ranged from 636 to 653 bp, and the identities of the rDNA regions among the different species ranged from 75.7% to 99.1%. The results also showed that the ITS1 and ITS2 regions exhibit more variation than the 5.8S rDNA. A phylogenetic tree derived from the ITS sequence indicated that six medicinal Dendrobium species, of which five are common medicinal plants in the Taiwan market, were closely related and shared a common clade. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was successfully performed to identify the six medicinal Dendrobium species, and amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR was used to distinguish D. tosaense specifically from the 19 other Dendrobiumspecies. Theestablished PCR-based (multiplex and ARMS) analyses canbeusedfor theauthentication of the raw materials of medicinal Dendrobium from other species.

Molecular Authentication of Dendrobium Species by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction and Amplification Refractory Mutation System Analysis