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Contractile roots provide for a type of movement in plants that occurs in many plant species but has been given little attention. In the case of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb. cv. Nelly White), root contraction serves to pull a bulb down into the soil where environmental conditions are more constant. The contraction is evidenced by a formation of epidermal wrinkles, starting at the base of the root and advancing toward the root tip. The movement function occurs in shallowly planted materials, is lessened at deeper locations, and ceases at a vermiculite depth of '15 cm. Examination of the cell shapes and volumes in the contracting sector indicates that movement of the bulb in the soil is achieved by a hydraulic shift in cortical cells. Root contraction is stimulated by light. Perception of the light stimulus does not occur in the root but occurs in the bulblet or possibly in the subtending leaf. Responsiveness to light fades with aging of the root, and experiments with light of different wavelengths indicate that the contraction response is preferentially triggered by blue light. The autonomous movement of plant stems or bulbs down into the soil occurs through the contraction of roots. This type of movement was first noted by Theophrastus ( 300 BCE) and was described more recently by Tittmann (1819) in roots of Daucus carota L. Contractile roots (CR) were first seriously studied by De Vries (1880) and Rimbach (1898, 1926) and reviewed by Galil (1980). They have been reported to occur in >400 species of both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous supertending organs, such as bulbs, corms, hypocotyls, (e.g., De Vries, 1880; Galil, 1980; Rimbach, 1902, 1926). Contractile roots pull these organs down through the substratum until they reach a location that is presumed to be advantageous in terms of insulation from hostile surface environments. Contractile roots also may pull bulblets away from the bulb scale, providing the benefit of dispersal.

Light Activation of Contractile Roots of Easter Lily