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The growth in diameter of large- ('Loring' and 'Suncrest') and small-fruited ('Bailey' and 'Boone County') peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) was recorded at weekly intervals from 175 days prebloom to ripening. Samples collected at three dates prebloom, full bloom (FB), and four dates postbloom, including ripe fruit, were sectioned and stained. Total cell count and mean cell size were determined for prebloom ovaries and postbloom mesocarp tissue. Large-fruited cultivars had significantly more cells (up to 3.7 times) than small-fruited cultivars at all sampling dates. Cell sizes increased dramatically with fruit development, but were similar for all cultivars within each sampling date. These results suggest that mesocarp cell count is the major difference between small- and large-fruited peach cultivars and that this difference is determined early in the growth of the ovary. Large fruit size is an essential characteristic for commercial peach cultivars. Fruit size is a function of genotype and envi- ronment. Although the major factor affecting fruit size is geno- type, within the genetic limitations of a particular cultivar, fruit size can be increased by early fruit thinning (Byers and Lyons, 1985; DelValle et al., 1985; Havis, 1962), girdling (Fernandez- Escobar et al., 1987), and the application of growth regulators (Byers et al., 1969; Hasegawa and Nakajima, 1988). Fruit size has been regarded to be a function of cell division in the early stages of development and of cell enlargement in the final stages of fruit growth (Batjer and Westwood, 1958; Westwood et al,, 1967). Differences in peach fruit size among trees of the same cultivar have been shown to be chiefly due to differences in cell count, with cell size having a minor effect (Bradley, 1959). However, it is unclear whether differences in fruit size between cultivars is also due chiefly to differences in cell count. The purpose of this study was to determine the basis for differences in fruit size between large- and small-fruited peach cultivars -and to determine the developmental stage during which these differences could first be observed.

Differences in Number and Area of Mesocarp Cells between Small- and Large-fruited Peach Cultivars