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Broccoli  (Brassica oleracea  L. var. italica) head weights and yields are highly sensitive to plant densities (P) and rectangularity. Broccoli cultivars were grown at four plant spacings  (2.2  to 8.6 plants/m 2 ) and four N rates (O to 336 kg N/ha) in 1986 and 1987. In 1988, plug spacings, as above, were factorially combined with treatments of one, two, or three plants per plug. Head weight (w) data were fitted to the reciprocal model: 1/w = a + bp and the exponential model: w = AK P , where a, b, A, and K are constants. Nitrogen rate did not interact with p. In 1986 and 1987, both the reciprocal and exponential models fit the w data (expressed as w relative to w max  for each cultivar) with highly significant  R  2  values of 0.525 to 0.605. Yield equations derived from these models were asymptotic. In 1988, clumping (multiple plants per plug) reduced head weights but interacted with plant density. Only the exponential model could account for the assumption that clumping effects diminish as plant densities increase; the reciprocal model predicted the opposite effect. The exponential model was expanded to the form: w = CAK P , where C is proportionate reduction of w due to clumping. Derived yield models were asymptotic for the reciprocal model and parabolic for the exponential model.

Modeling Plant Population and Rectangularity Effects on Broccoli Head Weights and Yield