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Photosynthetic characteristics, concentrations of mineral elements in xylem sap, and some vegetative traits of 'Khatooni' melon were compared with those of melons grafted onto three Cucurbita rootstocks cvs., Ace, Shintozwa, and ShintoHongto, and trained with three methods: T1) no pinching and fruit thinning; T2) pinched to produce two lateral branches; and T3) pinched to two branches and all the flowers and lateral branches from lower nodes thinned. Internal CO2 and water use efficiency varied with rootstocks. Stem diameter of scions, aerial fresh and dry weights, mean fruit weight and yield, electric conductivity, pH, and sap volume per plant of grafted plants were higher in grafted melons than in the nongrafted ones. These traits were unaffected by training methods. Mineral concentrations varied considerably depending on the rootstocks and training methods used. Xylem sap collected from the decapitated stem base of grafted melons trained with T2 and T3 methods contained a higher amount of mineral ions, especially NO3 - ,P O4 3- , and K + , than did the sap from own-rooted plants. The increase in the mineral levels in sap resulting from grafting was most apparent in 'Khatooni' grafted onto 'ShintoHongto' rootstock.

Leaf Gas Exchanges and Mineral Ion Composition in Xylem Sap of Iranian Melon Affected by Rootstocks and Training Methods