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We tested two severities and four timings of summer pruning in 2-year-old `Sweetheart' ( P. avium  L.) trees on seedling mazzard ( P. avium  L.) rootstock to evaluate growth and precocity responses. Trees were planted at 3.6 m × 5.6 m (497 trees/ha). Canopies consisted of three to four scaffolds and about 20 current-season shoots. All shoots on summer-pruned trees (n=6) were either headed or tipped on 24 June, 9 July, 26 July, or 9 Aug. 2004. Control trees were trained as steep leaders, with comparative current season shoots left intact. Trees had no bloom in 2004 and negligible bloom or fruiting in 2005. All 2005 shoots were headed in late July, except for controls, where only leaders were headed. By late Fall 2005, controls were 3.4 m tall with a canopy diameter of 3 m, while headed and tipped trees were about 65% and 75% the size of controls, respectively. Growth modules consisting of the original shoot and subsequent growth showed distinct responses to summer pruning treatments. Control shoots did not branch in 2004 and modules had an average of 17 spurs. Headed shoots branched in 2004 (except those headed 9 Aug.) and produced compact modules with a similar amount (24 June) or about 25% fewer (later heading treatments) spurs than controls. Shoots tipped in 24 June or 9 July branched in 2004 and produced modules with about 50% more spurs than controls. Shoots tipped in 26 July or 9 Aug. produced no new growth in 2004 and modules had about 30% the spurs of controls. Selective summer pruning produced compact trees which are expected (based on spur number) to yield at least 15 kg of fruit in 2006 (4th year) and appear suitable for densities of about 750 trees/ha. Yields, fruit quality, and future canopy management will be discussed.

Selective Summer Pruning as a Tool to Develop Compact `Sweetheart' Sweet Cherry Trees on Mazzard Rootstock