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The `Empire' apple cultivar is susceptible to external CO 2  injury, a physiological disorder that is expressed as tan-colored, smooth, watersoaked areas that become irregularly shaped, rough, depressed, and wrinkled. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) may increase susceptibility of fruit to external CO 2  injury during controlled atmosphere (CA) storage. We have investigated the effects of 1-MCP on external CO 2  injury of `Empire' apple using several approaches. 1) Fruit were treated with 1%, 2.5%, and 5% CO 2  during storage. Higher injury levels were associated with exposure to higher CO 2  concentrations. 2) Fruit were exposed to 2.5% or 5% CO 2  for 3-week periods throughout storage, otherwise being kept at 1% CO 2 . Most injury occurred in fruit treated with elevated CO 2  during the first 3 weeks of storage, and 1-MCP did not extend the period of susceptibility to injury. 3) Exposure of fruit to CA with 5% CO 2  after harvest was delayed for up to 14 days. Susceptibility to injury remained high during the delay in 1-MCP-treated fruit in contrast to untreated fruit. 4) Fruit were treated with 250, 500, and 1000 μL·L -1  diphenylamine (DPA), an antioxidant applied for control of superficial scald that is known to prevent susceptibility of fruit to CO 2  injury at 1000 μL·L -1 . The DPA eliminated injury in 1-MCP treated fruit, even at 250 μL·L -1 . Our data show that 1-MCP increases susceptibility of `Empire' apples to external CO 2  injury and extra care is therefore required to avoid fruit losses. Nonchemical means may reduce losses, but only DPA application has been shown to eliminate risk of injury.

1-Methylcyclopropene, CO2, and Diphenylamine Interactions with External CO2 Injury of `Empire' Apples