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Additional index words. Paeonia suffruticosa, cultivar identifi cation, leaf morphology, intersimple sequence repeat marker, ISSR Abstract. Tree peony cultivars are usually classifi ed according to fl ower characteristics (fl ower form and fl ower color) which are commonly affected by environmental infl uences and devel- opmental levels. Judgment of fl ower forms may also depend on the observer. Precise and rapid cultivar identifi cation methods are also required to manage cultivar collections as well as tree peony breeding programs. The objective of this paper is to analyze the discriminatory ability of leaf morphology and Intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker systems for tree peony cultivars. As a result, although there exist large variations of leaf morphology of tree peony cultivars, the morphological characteristics of biternately compound leaves 3, 4, and 5 from the base of a shoot at the middle part of a plant are relatively stable with smaller variations within cultivars (2.7% to 27.1%, 16.8% on average) and with larger differentiations among cultivars (72.9% to 97.3%, 83.2% on average). Statistical and principal components analyses indicate that 12 leaf morphological characteristics are valuable for cultivar classifi cation. ISSR markers present a precisely discriminatory power in tree peony cultivar classifi cation without environmental infl uences. The cultivars with multiple fl ower forms, which makes it diffi cult to make judgment by means of a fl ower-form-based classifi cation system, have been signifi cantly characterized using leaf morphology or ISSR markers.

Applicability of Leaf Morphology and Intersimple Sequence Repeat Markers in Classification of Tree Peony (Paeoniaceae) Cultivars