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Row intercropping sweet corn ( Zea mays  L.) with a living mulch of buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum  Moench) may reduce weed competition without reducing sweet corn yields. The objective of this experiment was to examine competition for nutrients, crop water use, and plant growth between weeds, buckwheat, and organically grown sweet corn, and examine the impact of buckwheat on weed densities and corn yields. In 1999, `Bodacious' ( se hybrid) sweet corn was planted to 41,000 plants/ha stand and the following treatments were applied: 1) `Manor' buckwheat planted at 0 kg·ha –1 , 56 kg·ha kg·ha –1 , and 112 kg·ha –1 , 2) buckwheat planted at three times: planting corn, at four-leaf corn and eight-leaf corn stage. A RCB design with four replications including a weedy/weed-free split was used. Above ground biomass of buckwheat was measured within a 1/2-m 2  quadrat 8WAP and analyzed for C and N. Weed densities were taken within a 1/2-m 2  quadrat 4WAP and 8WAP following each buckwheat planting. Buckwheat and corn tissue samples were analyzed for total nutrient content 8WAP. Soil samples were taken in corn and buckwheat interrows at emergence, 4 WAP, 8 WAP, and at harvest, and evaluated for inorganic nitrogen and soil moisture. Within rate treatments, yield was highest in weed and buckwheat-free (16.3 MT·ha –1 ) and lowest in weed-free 112 kg·ha –1  buckwheat (8.5 MT·ha –1 ). Within buckwheat timing treatments, yield was highest in 8 leaf (18.2 MT·ha –1 ) relative to at plant buckwheat. Weed densities were highest in no buckwheat (281 no/m 2 ) and lowest in 56 kg·ha –1  buckwheat (28 no/m 2 ) compared to the controls. These findings indicate buckwheat rate influences yield and weed density more than timing of buckwheat plant.

638 Intercropping Buckwheat and Sweet Corn: Competition and Management Factors