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Hyacinthoides hispanica  (Mill.) Roth.,  Hyacinthus orientalis  L. `Gypsy Queen',  Narcissus pseudonarcissus  L. `Music Hall',  N. pseudonarcissus  `Tahiti',  Tulipa gesneriana  L. `Couleur Cardinal', and  T. gesneriana  `White Emperor' bulbs were given 0 or 6 weeks of preplant 5 °C cold treatment and planted 15, 30, or 45 cm deep into raised ground beds under 0%, 30%, or 60% shade. Plant growth was monitored for 2 years after planting. Preplant 5 °C cold pretreatment reduced percentage of  Tulipa  `White Emperor' bulbs that flowered but did not affect the percentage of bulbs that flowered for the other species. Cold pretreatment also delayed anthesis in one or both years for all cultivars except  Hyacinthoides hispanica . The greatest percentage of bulbs flowered when planted 15 cm deep. The 45-cm planting depth reduced bulb flowering percentage or eliminated plant emergence. Increasing planting depth increased days to anthesis for all cultivars in both years. Increasing shade increased stem lengths in year 2 for all cultivars except  Hyacinthoides hispanica , but did not influence percentage of bulbs flowering for any cultivars. For all cultivars perennialization was low regardless of treatment as less than 30% of bulbs survived to the 2nd year.

619 Cold Pretreatment, Planting Depth, and Shade Affect Cut Stem Quality and Perennialization of Field-grown Dutch Bulbs