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The culture of meristems, shoot tips, and axillary buds leads to the method of in vitro multiplication that is easily used and safe to obtain uniform copies with no undesirable variations. This work aimed to propagate five in vitro pear cultivars: Housui, Carrick, Nijisseiki, Packham's Triumph, and Red Bartlett. The work was carried out in the Tissue Culture Laboratory at Embrapa Temperate Climate. The plants were sprayed with benomyl (1.0 mg./L) and agrimicine (2.4 mg/L) in the fields, 2 weeks before the shoots were collected. The shoots were then cut with two buds with no leaves and desinfested with alcohol 70% for 10 s and 1% sodium hypochloride for 20 min, 50 explants, 25 buds, and 25 meristems, were then transferred to test tubes containing MS salts and vitamins,  myo -inositol (100.0 mg/L), sucrose (30.0 g/L), agar (6.0 g/L), added to in mg/L: BAP (1.0), GA 3  (0.1), and NAA (0.01). Three pear cultivars were used for in vitro multiplication (`Nijisseiki', `Red Bartlett', and `Housui') by using the same basal salt with N reduced to strength, added to (in mg/L): BAP (1.6), NAA (0.16). The material was kept in growth room under 16-h photoperiod, 25 ± 2 °C and 19 μMol·m -2 ·s -1  of flux radiation. The in vitro contaminations were mainly due to bacteria derived from the bud material (71.5%). Higher oxidation for meristem material was observed for `Carrick' and `Packham`s Triumph'. `Red Bartlett' showed the best results for all the variable studied, although all cultivars in general presented low response.

317 Establishment and Multiplication of in Vitro Pyrus spp. Cultivars