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Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) was chosen to demonstrate that the respective vegetative or reproductive conditions of transplants can be controlled in their early stages of development under artificial light in a closed system. Transplant production under artificial light was divided into three growth phases and the photoperiod during each of these phases was varied. The rate of floral development was controlled by photoperiod, but floral initiation itself was not affected. Short photoperiod treatments (8 or 12 hours/day) retarded floral development and stem elongation (bolting). This delay continued even after the transplants were transferred to natural long-day (15.5 hours/day on average) condi- tions with high temperatures (17 and 37 °C minimum and maximum). We concluded that by using short photoperiods during transplant production, marketable plants with reduced bolting could be produced under natural long-day conditions. In Japan, spinach with this rosetting capacity would be of greater value. Further, this concept opens the possibility of producing better quality transplants of several species under artificial lighting conditions of appropriate length, and thereby controlling their floral development and/or bolting. with different conditions, for the final stages of growth. Thus, plants are produced under two different environmental regimes. Spinach, our model plant, naturally devel- ops a rosette of leaves soon after germination. This short stem begins to elongate as the plant matures (Singhal and Kulkarni, 1998). When spinach is grown under the long-day condi- tions of spring/summer, plants have a greater tendency to bolt and flower (Hartmann et al., 1988; Singhal and Kulkarni, 1998). Chun et al. (1999) showed that manipulating the day length and temperature during transplant production prevented bolting. In our study, the effect of photoperiod on floral development and bolt- ing of transplants produced under artificial lighting conditions was investigated, since few studies have been conducted on the physi- ological aspects of spinach transplants pro- duced under such conditions.

hortscience

The Potential Use of Photoperiod during Transplant Production under Artificial Lighting Conditions on Floral Development and Bolting, Using Spinach as a Model