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Winter survival in woody plants is controlled by environmental and genetic factors that affect the plant's ability to cold-acclimate. A juvenile period in woody perennials raises the possibility of differences in cold-acclimating ability between juvenile vs. mature (flowering) phases. This study investigated the yearly cold hardiness (CH) changes of rhododendron populations and examined the relationship between leaf freezing tolerance (LFT) and physiological aging. Naturally acclimated leaves (January) from individual plants (parents- R. catawbiense  and  R. fortunei , F 1 , F 2 , and backcross) and F 1  population generated from  R. catawbiense  and  R. dichroanthum  cross were subjected to controlled freeze-thaw regimes. LFT was assessed by measuring freeze-thaw-induced ion leakage from leaf discs frozen over a range of treatment temperatures. Data were then plotted with a sigmoidal (Gompertz) curve by SAS, to estimate T max —the temperature causing maximum rate of injury. T max  for the 30- to 40-year-old parental plants ( catawbiense, fortunei , and  dichroanthum ) and the F 1  `Ceylon' ( catawbiense  ×  fortunei ) were estimated to be about -52, -32, -16, and -43 °C, respectively. These values were consistent over the 3-year evaluation period. Data indicated the F 2  (50 seedlings) and backcross (20 seedlings) populations exhibited significant, yearly T max  increment (of ≈5-6 °C) from 1996 to 1998 as they aged from 3 to 5 years old. A similar yearly increase was observed in the 12 F 1  progenies (compared 2 to 3 years old) of  catawbiense  ×  dichroanthum  cross. The feasibility of identifying hardy phenotypes at juvenile period and research implications of age-dependent changes in CH will be discussed.

335 Juvenility Influences Cold Acclimation Ability in Rhododendron Populations