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The effects of calcium salts and concentrations from 25 to 200 mM on the induction of chilling tolerance in cucumber roots were studied using total root growth, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, and activities of antioxidant enzymes as indicies of chilling injury. Cucumber seeds `Poinsett 76' germinated at 25 °C for 36 h were treated with calcium sulfate, calcium nitrate, and calcium chloride for 2 h at 25 °C. After incubation, treated seedlings were rinsed with distilled H 2 O and chilled at 2 °C for 72 or 96 h with or without re-warming at 25 °C. Roots of CaSO 4 -treated cucumber seedlings exhibited less chilling injury at all concentrations, when exposed to 72- or 96-h chilling periods with a 72-h re-warming period as shown by greater root growth compared to the chilled control. Concentrations of CaCl 2  and Ca(NO 3 ) 2  above 100 mM resulted in significant root growth inhibition. Electrolyte leakage (EL) was significantly reduced by CaSO 4  up to 150 mM under chilling conditions and all calcium salt treatments reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in seedling roots up to 150 mM. However, at 150 mM CaSO 4  both EL and MDA values of 72 h chilled and re-warmed roots were at their lowest levels compared to the control and other treatments. Both superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of seedling roots decreased under chilling conditions compared to the nonchilled control, although the reduction was less in the presence of CaSO 4 . Peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities increased under chilling conditions and were generally reduced in the presence of calcium salts compared to the chilled control.

330 Effects of Calcium Salts on Chilling Tolerance in Cucumber Seedling Roots