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Biolistic transformation methods for zoysiagrasses (Korean lawngrass) were developed and used to introduce a herbicide-resistant trait. Embryogenic calli were induced from mature caryopses on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L of 2,4-D, and used to establish liquid agitation cultures. The cultures have been maintained over a year without loss of the embryogenic competence. A particle bombardment method was optimized for zoysiagrass based on transient  gusA  gene expression. The most transient  GUS  expression upon bombardment treatments occurred at 1100 psi of helium pressure with 10 cm of particle flying distance and 0.125 M sorbitol preculture treatment. Promoters suitable for zoysiagrass were compared, and actin and ubiquitin promoters were found effective in expressing  gusA  gene. Vector DNAs containing a herbicide resistant gene ( bar ),  pBY505 , were introduced into embryogenic cells of zoysiagrass using the optimized method. Total 194 putatively transformed plants were regenerated from 60 biolistic plates for over 6 months through selection culture containing 4-10 mg/L of phosphinothricin. Regenerants were grown in potting soil in greenhouse and sprayed with 1.7 g/L of Ignite herbicide. The transgenic plants showed various levels of resistance to the herbicide, while untransformed control plants were all dead. Recombination of the  bar  gene into the genomes of the transformants were confirmed through PCR and Southern blot analysis.

089 Biolistic Transformation of Zoysiagrass for Gluphosinate Resistance