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The objectives of these greenhouse experiments were to determine the effects of elevated CO 2  on growth, mineral nutrition, and gas exchange physiology of seedlings of four commercial  Citrus  rootstocks. We grew well-watered and fertilized seedlings of `Volkamer' lemon (VL), `Cleopatra' mandarin (CL), `Swingle' citrumelo (SW), and `Troyer' citrange (TC) cultivars (in decreasing order of vigor) in unshaded, air-conditioned greenhouses at ambient CO 2  (350 μmol/mol) or 2x ambient CO 2  for 5 months. CL was the smallest cultivar, had the lowest root/shoot (r/s) ratio,and lowest rates of CO 2  assimilation (A) of leaves, transpiration (E), and water-use efficiency, (A/E). Overall, daily whole-plant water use was correlated with single-leaf E. Elevated CO 2  increased both shoot and root growth similarly; therefore, r/s was not affected. Elevated CO 2  increased A, leaf dry wt/area, and leaf C, but decreased transpiration and leaf N so that leaf C/N, A/N, and A/E all increased. Although plant size of the four cultivars ranked similarly at both ambient and high CO 2 , the more-vigorous cultivars grew proportionately more at high CO 2  than the less-vigorous cultivars. Growing cultivars at elevated CO 2  can yield insights into mechanisms determining vigor and relationships between A and plant growth.

Elevated CO2 Increases Growth and Photosynthetic Efficiency of Citrus Rootstock Seedlings