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Interspecific hybrids of  Exacum  species (Gentianaceae) endemic to Sri Lanka possess excellent qualities for domestication as a new floriculture crop. The exact mode of floral induction and development responses are unknown, impeding the introduction of this potential crop. The interspecific hybrids evaluated are the result of controlled cross pollinations of  E. macranthum . Arn. ex Griseb.,  E. trinervium  (L.)  Druce  ssp.  trinervium , and  E. trinervium  ssp.  ritigalensis . (Willis) Cramer. The hybrids exhibit great genetic variability for horticultural traits. In addition, two growth and flowering patterns exist within the Penn State germplasm. Continuous-flowering genotypes flower throughout the year but more profusely and rapidly under late spring and summer conditions. In contrast, periodic-flowering genotypes exhibit two distinct seasonal habits. Under winter conditions, these accessions have a rosetted habit, much secondary branching, and few or no flowers. In summer conditions, they break their apical dominance, bolt, and produce flowers. As members of the Gentianaceae,  Exacum  hybrids produce an elegant blue flower with a striking yellow eye and bottle-shaped anthers. We evaluated the growth and flowering responses of  Exacum  interspecific hybrid accessions to photoperiod and irradiance. Accessions were evaluated under greenhouse conditions for floral production, rate of floral development, and growth characteristics. For the 20 accessions evaluated, supplemental irradiance under winter conditions resulted in greater floral production and much greater shoot and root mass accumulation. Little height and branching response occurred with supplemental irradiance. Of the 15 accessions evaluated under four photoperiod regimes, flowering and growth responses to photoperiod occurred under summer conditions but not in winter. An interaction among season, accession, and photoperiod revealed the complexity of  Exacum  germplasm and environmental responses.

Growth and Flowering of Interspecific Hybrids of Sri Lankan Exacum species (Gentianaceae): A Challenge in Domestication