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A comparative study was undertaken to determine the influence of lighting, carbohydrate concentrations and ultra-high levels of CO 2 , i.e., &gt;10,000 ppm, on sterile culture growth. Past CO 2 -sterile studies have confirmed that elevation of CO 2  to as high as 1000 ppm resulted in beneficial growth. Within special constructed chambers, tissue cultures were given a variety of CO 2  levels for 12–16 hours/day using artificial lighting and natural sunlight. Several different plants (lettuce, beans, pine) and plant culture types were grown in CO 2 -enriched environments, ranging from 350 to 50,000 ppm. In almost all cases, plant tissue cultures not only tolerated but exhibited enhanced growth using ultra-high levels of CO 2 . For example, lettuce cultures were found to grow 2 to 4 times faster under ultra-high CO 2.  levels than under normal atmospheric CO 2  levels, i.e., 350 ppm. Natural sunlight was found to be suitable for sterile culture growth. Modes of administration of CO 2  in vitro and gas permeability of various culture vessels are presented.

Growth of Plant Tissue Cultures in Ultra-high Levels of Carbon Dioxide under Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Conditions