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In the past 20 years, betalain pigments found in red beet ( Beta vulgaris  L.) have been adopted for use as natural red food coloring. In an effort to develop red beet populations with elevated levels of betalain pigment, recurrent half-sib family selection for high pigment and both high and low solids was practiced for seven cycles, resulting in the development of a high pigment–high solids (HPHS) and a high pigment–low solids (HPLS) population. Thirty-one randomly selected decamer primers were chosen to assess RAPD marker frequencies on genomic DNA samples isolated from 47 randomly chosen individual plants in each of cycles 1, 3, and 6 in both HPHS and HPLS. A total of 161 RAPD markers were evaluated. Chi-square and regression analyses were performed to determine presence/absence of linear trends in marker frequencies during the selection scheme. Comparisons were made for individual cycles between HPHS and HPLS and among cycles within HPHS and HPLS. Significant linear trends were detected in both cases for key RAPD primers. Chi-square tests revealed a subset of the markers which exhibited significant frequency changes across cycles were associated with selection as opposed to genetic drift. These data demonstrate changes in RAPD marker frequencies with recurrent selection and suggest linkage of RAPD markers to genes controlling pigment and solids in red beet.

Directional RAPD Marker Frequency Changes in Two Divergently Selected Beet Populations