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Since its evolution as an invasive species in Quebec (1930s),  L. salicaria  has spread across North American wetlands virtually unchecked. Initially, it was theorized that the rapid invasion was due to the absence of phytophagous insects (present in the native habitat). However, evolutionists theorized that invasive characteristics probably arose from introgressive hybridization with a native species ( L. alatum ), since their ecotypes overlap. Several horticultural cultivars are also fertile interspecific hybrids. These two species differ for diagnostic traits (number of flowers/axil, plant height, phyllotaxy, style morphology, seed dormancy). Minnesota  L. salicaria  populations were examined for evidence of introgression.  Lythrum salicaria  introgressive genotypes were found for all diagnostic traits. Seed dormancy was the most common, i.e., OP seed showed significant seed dormancy (F = 5.2,  P  = 0.024). Such hybrids would have adaptive advantages as weeds, having evolved for each ecotype by introgression with locally adapted  L. alatum  populations.

Importance of Introgressive Hybridization in the Development of Invasive Lythrum salicaria