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Fifty apple cultivars and 30  Malus  species were evaluated for resistance to four isolates of bitter rot pathogens,  Colletotrichum gloeosporioides  and  C. acutatum,  in controlled conditions. Fruit were wound-inoculated by placing 0.1 ml of inoculum (106 conidia/ml) into puncture wounds (2 mm in diameter), and intact fruit were inoculated by spraying with inoculum. Inoculated fruit were incubated at 25 to 28C for 2 weeks. `Golden Delicious' (susceptible) and `Red Delicious' (resistant) were used as controls. Diseases were quantified by measuring lesion diameter, and disease severity was objectively rated. Relative lesion diameter and severity rating were calculated as [X × 100/RD – 100] and (X – RD) × 100/7 (X = parameter of given cultivar or species, RD = parameter of `Red Delicious') to determine relative resistance. Conclusions were as follows: 1) different levels of resistance were identified in apple cultivars and  Malus  species and also were detected within `Golden Delicious' and `Red Delicious' types; 2) `Jonagold', `Oregon Spur II', `Spartan', `Melrose', `Red Cort', `Jonafree', `VPI-9', and `Red Delicious showed good relative resistant; 3)  M. halliana, angustifolia, prunifolia, sylvestris,  and  fusca  were more resistant than `Delicious'; 4)  M. angustifolia  was immune to two isolates of  C. acutatum .

EVALUATION OF APPLE CULTIVARS FOR RESISTANCE TO FOUR BITTER ROT PATHOGENS