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Leaflet surfaces of two blackspot (Diplocarpon rosae Wolf)-resistant roses (Rosa roxburghii Tratt and R. wichuraiana Crep.) and two susceptible roses (R. hybrida 'Electron' and 'Pascali') were compared using scanning electron microscopy to deter- mine whether physical features of the leaflet surface were associated with resistance to the fungal invasion. The leaflet surface features of the resistant roses were dissimilar: R. roxburghii leaflet surface had protruding cells and was densely covered with amor- phous wax platelets, whereas R. wichuraiana surface was smooth with less distinct epidermal cells and sparsely distributed wax granules. Leaflet surface patterns of both susceptible roses, however, were similar. The spores of D. rosae failed to germinate on R. roxburghii and R. wichuraiana. In contrast, the spores on 'Electron' and 'Pascal? germinated, with the germ tube penetrating the cuticle. There were no apparent mor- phological barriers on leaflet surfaces of R. roxburghii and R. wichuraiana to explain the observed resistance to fungal development. Roses are among the most cherished of flowers in gardens and landscapes. In these outdoor roses, blackspot, caused by the fun- gus Diplocarpon rosae (Hasek, 1980), is a ubiquitous and devastating disease. The dis-

Leaflet Surfaces of Blackspot-resistant and Susceptible Roses and Their Reactions to Fungal Invasion