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A technique was developed to count chloroplasts in guard cell pairs of leaf- lets of anther-derived potato (Solanum phureja Juz. and Buk) plants grown in vitro to determine how they compare to chloroplast counts for similar plants grown in vivo. The mean chloroplast density in guard cells of in vitro leaflets was visualized using fluorescein diacetate (FDA) stain and observed under a microscope. A consistently higher mean was observed for in vitro than for in vivo plants but monoploid could readily be distinguished from diploid regenerants whether grown in vitro or in vivo. A rapid method of ploidy estimation based on chloroplast counts on in vitro leaflets may hasten identification of monoploids to be used for in vitro applications to genetic reconstruction of potato. Development of a convenient, fast, and accurate procedure to determine the ploidy status of anther-derive d plants would facili- tate early identification of monoploids and hasten disposal of undesirable higher ploidy levels that generally have comprised the ma- jority of anther-derive d plants (Veilleux et al., 1985; Wenzel and Uhrig, 1981). Chro- mosome counts from mitotic cells in root tips or meiotic cells in flower buds are accurate but generally require that plantlets be accli-

Chloroplast Density in Guard Cells of Leaves of Anther-derived Potato Plants Grown in Vitro and in Vivo