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The relative tolerance of flower buds and flowers of southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) to cold damage was compared to rabbiteye (Vaccinium ashei Reade) and highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). For similar stages of floral bud development, southern highbush and highbush cultivars had less winter freeze and spring frost damage than rabbiteye cultivars. Cold damage increased line- arly with stage of flower bud development. Small fruit were more sensitive to frost damage than open flowers. Rabbiteye blueberry flower buds formed during the fall growth flush were more hardy than buds formed during the spring growth flush, regardless of cultivar or stage of development. Rabbiteye blueberry production in the southern United States is routinely plagued by intermittent temperature extremes during the winter and early spring. After sufficient chilling units have been received, unseason- ably warm temperatures may cause loss of winter hardiness (Eck, 1988) and/or accel- erated floral bud development (Spiers and Draper, 1974). Cold injury to floral tissue frequently occurs when these warm episodes are followed by subfreezing temperatures. Research on the variability in tolerance of blueberry germplasm to cold injury indicated that it is largely a function of floral bud de- velopment (Clark et al., 1986; Gupton, 1983; Hancock et al., 1987; Spiers, 1978, 1981). Blueberry germplasm, such as the southern highbush, with low-chilling requirements and more rapid bud development in the spring may be especially sensitive to this type of cold damage. The southern highbush blue- berry is a hybrid of northern highbush and Vaccinium darrowi Camp. It has the early fruit maturity of northern highbush and low chilling of V. darrowi (Eck, 1988). We found no studies comparing the relative cold har- diness of southern highbush flower buds to midwinter freezes and spring frost to rabbit- eye or highbush blueberry. For blueberries, time of anthesis is partly

Cold Injury of Southern Blueberries as a Function of Germplasm and Season of Flower Bud Development