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The effects of sethoxydim, cloproxydim, and fluazifop on photosynthesis and growth of St. Augustinegrass  [Stenotaphrum secundatum  (Walt.) Kuntze `Floralawn'], bahiagrass  (Paspalum notatum  var.  saurae  Parodi `Pensacola'), and centipedegrass  [Eremochloa ophiuroides  (Munro.) Hack.] were evaluated to determine if photosynthesis could be used as a rapid, nondestructive measure of relative susceptibility. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted using infrared CO 2  analysis to estimate photosynthesis. Under field conditions, St. Augustinegrass was susceptible to sethoxydim and fluazifop applications, as indicated by a 40% and 38% reduction in apparent photosynthesis, respectively. Bahiagrass incurred a respective 62% and 51% reduction in apparent photosynthesis from sethoxydim and fluazifop application. Growth of these species, as measured by foliage dry weight, was also inhibited by both herbicides. Centipedegrass growth was unaffected by sethoxydim, but was reduced 48% by fluazifop. Under greenhouse conditions, centipedegrass apparent photosynthesis was reduced by sethoxydim and cloproxydim (41% and 51%, respectively), while fluazifop caused a 71% reduction. Growth of centipedegrass was significantly reduced only by fluazifop (83%). These studies indicated that in vivo photosynthetic measurements may provide a sensitive, rapid, and nondestructive method for determining the susceptibility of turfgrasses to postemergence grass herbicides. chemical names used: 2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-l-one (sethoxydim);  (E,E)  -2-[1-[[(3-chloro-2-propenyl) oxy]imino]butyl] -5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-l-one (cloproxydim); and butyl ester of 2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]-propanoate(fluazifop).

Photosynthesis as an Index of Turfgrass Growth Following Application of Herbicides