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Commercially, it is difficult to fabricate reproducible pieces of BaTiO3 ceramics having the same coluor and the same electrical properties, because these properties are strongly influenced by the presence of pentavalent ions such as Nb5+, Sb5+, Ta5+, V5+, etc. which might possibly come as impurities from TiO2, one of the raw materials of the ceramics.In the present work were established experimentally the effects of the additional agents of pentavalent ions on the colour and the electrical properties of BaTiO3 ceramics.The results obtained may be summarized as follows: (1) The addition of Sb5+, Ta5+, and Nb5+ ions respectively, caused a great change in colour of the fired specimen; in all cases the colour changed from light brown to light green and then to bluish grey at their oxide content of 0.10% and 0.20%. (2) The addition of Sb5+ and Ta5+ respectively caused a great decrease in a specific electric resistance of the specimen whereas that of V5+ exerted only a small influence. The specimen added with Sb5+ and Nb5+ respectively showed an abnormal polarization phenomenon. The changes in properties for the BaTiO3 ceramics were explained by Weyl's concept (Ind. and Eng. Chem., 42 [2] 255, 1950) which was originally developed for the explanation of the change of TiO2 in the colour and specific electric resistance.

Effects of Additions of Pentavalent Cations on the Properties of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Ceramics