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ABSTRAK Penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f.sp. cubense (E.F. Smith) Snyd & Hans (Foc) merupakan penyakit yang banyak menyerang tanaman Musa sp. (termasuk abaka) dan dapat menurunkan produktivitas serat antara 20-65%. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah penggunaan klon abaka yang resisten. Seleksi in vitro dengan menggunakan agens penyeleksi asam fusarat (AF) merupakan metode yang efektif untuk memperoleh klon abaka resisten terhadap infeksi Foc. Pengkulturan kalus embriogen dan tunas abaka pada medium tunas (MT) yang mengandung berbagai konsentrasi AF digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh daya hambat AF. Konsentrasi sub-letal ditentukan sebagai konsentrasi yang paling tinggi menghambat proliferasi kalus embriogen dan tunas abaka. Seleksi in vitro untuk mengidentifikasi embrio somatik yang insensitif AF dilakukan dengan konsentrasi sub-letal. Setelah regenerasi dan aklimatisasi plantlet, klon abaka hasil regenerasi ditanam di rumah kaca untuk pengujian ketahanan terhadap Foc menggunakan metode detached leaf dual culture. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengevaluasi daya hambat pertumbuhan kalus embriogen abaka, (2) mengetahui konsentrasi sub-letal AF, (3) mengidentifikasi varian embrio somatik abaka yang insensitif AF melalui seleksi in vitro yang dilanjutkan dengan regenerasi plantlet, dan (4) mengevaluasi resistensi plantlet hasil regenerasi terhadap infeksi Foc. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AF menghambat pertumbuhan kalus embriogen dan tunas abaka, sedangkan konsentrasi sub-letal AF adalah 50 mg/l. Dari seleksi in vitro dihasilkan 85 plantlet klon Tangongon dan 28 plantlet klon Sangihe-1 yang diregenerasikan dari embrio somatik yang insensitif AF. Genotipe asli Tangongon termasuk dalam kelompok sangat rentan terhadap infeksi Foc, sedangkan dua dari tiga varian dari klon Tangongon yang diuji menunjukkan resisten dan satu agak rentan. Pada penelitian ini, pengujian resistensi terhadap infeksi Foc varian yang berasal dari klon Sangihe-1 belum dapat dilakukan karena plantlet masih terlalu kecil sehingga belum dapat diaklimatisasi. Kata kunci: Abaka, Musa textilis Nee., penyakit, Fusarium, keragaman somaklonal, toksin cendawan, Jawa Timur ABSTRACT The usage of fusaric acid (FA) in vitro selection of abaca resistant to Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. cubense Wilt Fusarium disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f.sp. cubense (E.F. Smith) Snyd & Hans (Foc) is one of the major diseases of Musa sp. including abaca, and it could decrease 20-65% fiber productivity. One of the method to solve this problem is utilization of abaca resistant clones. In vitro selection using fusaric acid (FA) as selective agents is an effective method to produce abaca resistant clones to Foc infection. Culturing abaca embriogenic calli (EC) and shoots on MT medium containing various FA concentrations was used to determine FA inhibition effects. Sub-lethal concentration was defined as one inhibiting > 90% proliferation of abaca EC and shoots. In vitro selection to identify FA insensitive SE was conducted using FA sub-lethal concentration. Following plantlet regeneration and acclimatization, the regenerated abaca lines were grown in the glasshouse for testing against Foc using detached leaf dual culture test. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate growth inhibition of abaca EC and shoots by FA, (2) determine sub-lethal concentration of FA, (3) identify FA insensitive variants of abaca somatic embryos (SE) through in vitro selection followed by plantlet regeneration, and (4) evaluate resistance of regenerated plantlets against Foc infection. Results of the experiment showed FA inhibited abaca EC and shoots growth while sub-lethal concentration of FA was 50 mg/l. Following in vitro selection, 85 plantlets of Tangongon and 28 of Sangihe-1 were regenerated from FA insensitive SE. The original Tangongon genotype was very susceptible against Foc infection. Meanwhile, among three Foc tested lines derived from Tangongon, two lines were considered resistant and one was slightly susceptible. However, resistance against Foc of variants derived from Sangihe-1 have not been evaluated in this experiment due to the plantlets were not strong enough to be acclimatized. Key words : Manila hemp, Musa textilis Nee., pest, Fusarium, somaclonal variation, fungal toxin, East Jav

PENGGUNAAN ASAM FUSARAT DALAM SELEKSI IN VITRO UNTUK RESISTENSI ABAKA TERHADAP Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense