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Sea urchin spinal ligaments (the catch apparatus) were extracted with glycerin, and electron microscopic observations comfirmed that no cell membranes remained intact after glycerination. We studied the effects of cations (Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+)) on the mechanical properties of the glycerinated ligaments. Monovalent cations decreased whereas divalent cations increased the viscosity of the ligaments. The ion dependencies were similar to previous results with detergent-extracted holothurian dermis, which suggests that the echinoid ligament shares a similar mechanism for changes in mechanical properties with other catch connective tissues. This provides evidence against the hypothesis of that muscles in the catch apparatus are responsible for the changes in mechanical properties of the ligament. Fine projections cross-bridging collagen fibrils were observed in the glycerin-extracted ligaments as well as in the intact ligaments. They were found in all the ionic conditions studied.

Glycerinated Catch Apparatus of Sea Urchin Spines: the Effects of Cations on its Mechanical Properties and Ultrastructure