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Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The awareness and early diagnosis of lung cancer have greatly improved in recent years thanks to the advances in computed tomography (CT) and videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). However, missed and delayed diagnoses are still common due to the polymorphisms in lung cancer and the limited awareness and knowledge of this disease. A special type of lung cancer, lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces (LC-CAS), has a prevalence rate of about 3.6% (1), which is often misdiagnosed due to its similar imaging appearances to pulmonary bulla or pulmonary cyst. According to the classification of Mascalchi, LC-CAS can be divided into four categories: type I, the nodule located outside the cystic cavity; type II, the nodule located inside the cystic cavity; type III, annular thickening of the cystic cavity wall; type IV, the multilocular cystic cavity mixed with solid or non-solid nodule. Because of the thin cystic cavity wall of LC-CAS, it is easy to cause pneumothorax or rupture of tumor body by CT-guiding puncture biopsy, so it is difficult to obtain ideal pathological tissue. What’s more, Original Article

Lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces: CT and pathological features