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Historically, lumbar laminectomy and fusion is the traditional surgical intervention for lumbar degenerative diseases such as herniated discs or canal stenosis with or without spondylolisthesis. Although this procedure was once the most commonly performed technique, serious complications were frequent. The most common complications included instability and severe back pain due to destruction of the biomechanical stability of the lumbar spine. To compensate for these complications, an operating microscope was introduced to the field of spinal surgery in the 1950s. Currently, microdiscectomy, the so-called “micro-Love method” based on the classic technique that Dr. Love reported[1] has been established as the gold standard procedure for herniated lumbar discs. Due to the less invasive approach and the fine surgical manipulations, conventional complications dramatically decreased and surgical outcome have significantly improved.

Establishment of the Japanese training system for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy: from the stand point of neurosurgery