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Hereditary breast cancer constitutes 5-10% of all breast cancer cases. Inherited mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumour-suppressor genes, account for the majority of hereditary breast cancer cases. Individuals who have mutations in those gene usually undergone prophylactic mastectomy to minimize their risk of breast cancer. The identification of an effective prevention therapy will be a great invention in this field. Recent studies suggested that tumor necrosis factor super family member 11 (TNFSF11) which is also known as RANKL, play an important role in progesterone signalling. The RANKL and its receptor TNFRSF11A which is also known as RANK, contribute to mammary tumorigenesis. RANKL/RANK function is essential for epithelial cell proliferation and cellular survival as well as lobulo-alveolar development. An over expression of RANK has been shown in mammary tumour cells which express a non functional BRCA1 mutation and also enhanced acinar invasiveness and increased tumorigenesis. Inhibition of RANKL can be a targetable pathway to prevent mammary cell tumorigenesis and BRCA-mutated tumour. RANKL inhibitor will be a promising treatment strategy in the prevention of breast cancer in near future.

RANKL Inhibitor: A Future Chemo Preventive Agent for High Risk Breast Cancer