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In this work, Ti, Eu and EuTi doped Y2O3 luminescent nanoparticles were synthesized through the proteic sol-gel method. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) showed the only Y2O3 single crystal phase. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the samples presented high crystallinity degree, and some families of Y2O3 crystallographic planes were identified. The Ti valence was investigated through X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) and it was stabilized in a mix of valences between Ti3+ and TiIV. The TiIV was the most observed oxidizing state in samples, mainly in the EuTi doped Y2O3. It occurs due to the affinity of Y2O3 which it is an oxide (hard base) with TiIV, a hard acid. Doped yttrium oxide optical behavior was investigated through X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) and photoluminescence (PL) under UV-Vis and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) excitation. The results indicated the Eu3+ is the main emitter center in samples doped with Eu and EuTi and the D0→F2 transition––maximum emission at 612 nm–– was the most intense peak observed in the emission spectra of Eu and EuTi doped samples. The Ti-doped samples exhibited a broadband with maximum around 520 nm. It might correspond the Ti3+ characteristic emission but since in both cases, there is a large amount of TiIV in the samples it can also be due to the ligand to metal charge transfer transition O(2p)→TiIV. Finally, in the EuTi-doped Y2O3 system, Ti3+ (or TiIV) excitation was observed but no Ti emission was present, indicating an energy transfer process from Ti to Eu via charge transfer band (CTB) to the Eu3+. These results present the umprecedent Ti to Eu energy transfer in Yttriym Oxide host, aiding the development of new efficient materials.

Energy transfer mechanism of titanium to rare earth ions in Y2O3