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Preeclampsia is one of the main causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. The pathogenesis of preeclampsia remains unclear until now. It is believed that regulation of apoptosis in trophoblast cells plays an important role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Failure of spiral arteries remodeling will eventually lead to placental hypoxia lead to excessive trophoblast apoptosis. The molecular mechanism of apoptosis is very complicated involving many signaling molecules included Bcl-2 proteins. The Bcl- 2 protein group consists of proapoptosis proteins (Bax) and apoptosis inhibitor proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL). The aimed of this stuty was to compare the expression of Bcl-xL protein in placental trophoblast cells of pregnancy complicated by severe preeclampsia with that normotensive pregnancy. This study was an observational study with cross sectional design involving 43 pregnancy patients with severe preeclampsia and 38 normotensive pregnancy who treated in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta from October 2011 until March 2012. Placenta samples were obtained from all subjects for Bcl-xL protein expression analysis using immunohistochemistry technique. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. Significant difference in Bcl-xL protein expression in trophoblast cells of pregnancy complicated by severe preeclampsia (1.29 ± 0.12) compared to that normotensive pregnancy (1.71 ± 0.14) was reported (p = 0.00). In addition, logistic regression test showed that diagnosis of severe preeclampsia had a statistically significant role in Bcl-xL protein expression (p= 0.000). In conclusion, the expression of Bcl-xL protein is lower in pregnancy complicated by severe preeclampsia compared to normotensive pregnancy.

Comparison of Bcl-xL protein expression in placental trophoblast cells between pregnancy complicated by severe preeclampsia and normotensive pregnancy