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The skin of hull frog. Rana catesheiana was studied by a zinc iodide osmium method and an ATPase staining method to examine the occurrence of cells equivalent to the mammalian Langerhans cells. It was demonstrated that ATPase-positive and metallophilic Langerhans cells were ahsent from the skin of hull frogs. Birbeck granules. which are characteristic to the mammalian Langerhans cells. were also not found by electron microscopy. These results suggest that an advanced immunological defense system including the activities of Langerhans cells is not developed in the skin of bull frog, Rana cotesheiana. The primitive features of the amphibian immune system were also discussed. In the course of this study, the techniques used to find out the Langerhans cells demonstrated metallophilia as well as ATPase and other nucleotide phosphatase (GTPase and GMPase) activities in the dermal yellow pigment cells. xanthophores, which do not occur in mammals. The metal deposition consisted predominantly of zinc and osmium. The enzyme activities were localized in the pterinosomes of the xanthophore.

ATP ase-positive and metallophilic cells in the skin of frog, Rana catesbeiana.