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Young guinea pigs fed a choline deficient diet were employed for light and electron microscopic studies. They showed severe growth retardation, muscular weakness, diarrhea and subcutaneous hemorrhage. About 73% of the deaths occurred within 5 weeks and survival time varied from 8 to 305 days. The symptoms of animals died within 5 weeks were more acute than the remainders. The gross appearance of the dead animals was characterized by marked emacia· tion, disappearance of the adipose tissue and congestion of the liver. Fat deposi· tion in the liver was found microscopically in 17 of 48 animals. The light mi· croscopic examination revealed definite degenerative changes of the liver cells including vacuolation, swelling and necrosis, and these findings became prominent with the duration of choline deficiency. In the electron microscopic examination the most conspicuous changes occurred in mitochondria of the liver cell. Mito· chondria decreased in number gradually as choline deficien.:y progressed and manifested some characteristic features at each period of the experiment. Two types of mitochondrial swelling could be observed, the first type was recognized at the early stage and the second type developed at the terminal stage after the lOth week of choline deficiency. In the first type, mitochondria became balloon· like but there was no essential destruction of its fundamental membranous structures. In the second type, mitochondria became gigantic and membranous structures were more or less rlistracted. Occasionally there found protrusion of mitochondria, dissolution of mitochondrial membrane, disarrangemenet of cristae and appearance of small vesic1es in mitochondrial matrix at the terminal stage of choline deficiency. On the other hand, the animals of the recovery experiment showed notable improvements on the above-mentioned symptoms and changes of the liver.

Histological and electron microscopic investigation of the liver in the choline deficient guinea pig.