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IL-1β was known to cause an inflammation in heart tissue leading to progressive loss of contractile tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate “for the first time” the relationship between IL-1β polymorphism (rs1143634) and the risk of heart diseases (HDs) in Sudanese patients. Methods: Fifty patients with HD and 65 healthy controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The IL-1β (rs1143634) polymorphism was detected by PCR-RFLP using TaqI restriction enzyme. Results: About 82% of the HD cases were aged >40 years. No gender difference was reported between the two groups (P = 0.28). 24% of the cases had a previous history of heart attack. Family history of HD was associated with a six-fold increased risk of HD. The analysis provides evidence that the mutant genotype (CT + TT) of the IL1β polymorphism is significantly associated with HD, with up to four-fold increased risk of the disease (P = 0.015, OR = 3.8). The mutant allele T was significantly higher in HD patients as compared to the controls (P = 0.023). The frequency of the CT genotype among patient who have family history, previous attack of HD, hypertension, and diabetes was 79%, 33%, 81%, and 90% respectively. Conclusion: The IL1β (rs1143634) polymorphism was associated with the increased risk of HD in our samples. The carriage of the mutant allele among those who have family history of HD, previous attack, hypertension, and diabetes might be a predictive factor for the onset of clinical manifestation of HD in Sudanese patients. Key words: heart diseases’ risk factors, gene polymorphisms, Interleukin (IL)-1 β

IL1β exon5 3954 C/T Polymorphism: A Potential Genetic Risk Factor of Heart Diseases predisposition in Sudanese Patients