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Toxicity of Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) is a widespread issue in the world; however, few studies have been conducted to understand their effect at environmentally realistic concentration in a mixture. In the present study, Crucian carp was exposed to Pb(2+) (30 µg·l(-1)), Cd(2+) (100 µg·l(-1)) and their mixture (30+100 µg·l(-1)) for 96 h and 21 d period to assess changes in the liver and muscle vitamin A and E content, and hematological and serum biochemical parameters. The results indicated significant decline in the level of antioxidant vitamins A, E and alterations in the hematological and serum biochemical indices. The toxicity revealed anemia, impairment of the liver and kidney with evident responses after 21 d exposure due to additive effect of Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) in mixture. Moreover, the differential response of vitamins A, E and blood parameters to low levels of waterborne Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) in freshwater fish can be used as biomarkers for monitoring contamination of aquatic environment.

acta biochimica polonica

Response of vitamins A, E, hematological and serum biochemical markers in Crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) exposed to environmental Pb<sup>2+</sup>and Cd<sup>2+</sup>

Response of vitamins A, E, hematological and serum biochemical markers in Crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) exposed to environmental Pb2+and Cd2+

Response of vitamins A, E, hematological and serum biochemical markers in Crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) exposed to environmental Pb²⁺and Cd²⁺