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Aim: To determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B infection among healthy blood donors in the blood banks of Gadag. Materials and Methods: The study included blood donors over a period of 3 years from August 2015 to July 2018 in two blood banks of Gadag i.e. Gadag Institute of Medical Sciences (GIMS) blood bank and Indian Medical Association (IMA) blood bank. A total of 20,144 donors were included in the study. It included both replacement donors and voluntary donors. Donors were screened using donor questionnaire and general physical examination was done for medical and surgical illness. Eligible blood donors donated blood and their blood samples were subjected to a test that detected the presence of HBsAg antigen by using commercially available Qualisa 3 generation ELISA kit. Result: In the present study, out of 20,144 donors, 19,676 (97.67%) were males and 468 (2.33%) were females. Total number of seropositive cases was 388. The overall seroprevalence was 1.93%. Out of 388 seropositive cases, 385 cases were males and 3 were females. Seroprevalence was highest among males accounting for 1.96% and that among females was 0.64%. The prevalence of seropositive cases among voluntary donors was 0.77% and among replacement donors was 7.19%. Conclusion: Seroprevalence of hepatitis B in the region of Gadag is 1.93%. Introduction Blood transfusion has become a very important modality of treatment in hospitals these days. With many advantages, there comes many complications as well. Some of them minor and some of them major life threatening. One of the significant complications is the transmission of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Retroviral disease, Syphilis and Malaria. The need of the hour is to take essential measures to curb the transmission of infections. The study on seroprevalence helps in identifying the magnitude of the problem and also in identifying the various risk groups. Hence, this study is aimed at studying the seroprevalence of hepatitis B among blood donors. Hepatitis B (HBV) is one of the major health issues in the world causing significant morbidity and mortality among the patients. One third of the world population has been infected with hepatitis B virus and 400 million have chronic infection. Hepatitis B is caused by a ssDNA virus. Mode of transmission could be through blood and may be acquired by transfusion, needle prick or occupational injury. It can also be transmitted from mother to fetus. The incidence of spread by blood transfusion has increased very much in the recent decades. Certain types of behaviours increase the risk of acquiring hepatitis B infection such as use of contaminated needle stick during acupuncture, intravenous drug abuse, tattooing, sex workers, patients undergoing repeated transfusions and patients on hemodialysis. HBV has a prolonged incubation period ranging from 2-26 weeks. Over 5-10% of infected individuals go in for chronic infection and 0.1-0.5% of acutely infected individuals can go for fulminant hepatitis. It was previously elucidated that hepatitis B virus is present in all body excretions and secretions. Now it is proven that only blood, vaginal & menstrual fluid, and semen are infectious. Hepatitis B virus remains viable in environment for about a week. Hence, there are chances of transmission of infection by objects contaminated with the virus. An infection by HBV can cause acute hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagnosis of HBV infection using serological markers varies depending on whether the infection is acute or chronic. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) appears 1-7 weeks before biochemical markers of liver disease or jaundice become evident and remains in almost half of them even after 3 weeks after the onset of disease. Despite of Article Info Received: 13th January, 2019 Accepted: 23rd February, 2019 Published Online: 9th August, 2019

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B infection among apparently clinically healthy blood donors in Northern mid-Karnataka