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.. Background: Leukemia is a hematological malignancy i.e. that arises in the blood progenitor cells. It is a tumor of white blood cells which is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of immature hematopoietic WBCs in bone marrow. Leukemia is of two types myeloid and lymphoid and two subtypes acute and chronic. Acute lymphoid leukemia is most common in children. There are certain risk factors associated with leukemia like ionizing radiations, genetic polymorphisms. Drug resistance in leukemia is linked with polymorphisms for gene coding enzymatic antioxidants. Multiple circulating biochemical markers depict pathogenesis of leukemia. Elevated reactive oxygen species and decreased antioxidant elements reveal occurrence of various malignancies. Study Design: Case Control Study. Setting: Study was conducted at Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), University of Lahore. Period of Study: One year. Materials and Methods: Blood samples of 270 leukemic patients between the age of 30-55 were collected from PINUM and Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. While the samples of 100 individuals were served as a control. Levels of both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant such as CAT, GSH, SOD, GPx and GRx, vitamin A, C and E and levels of MDA were determined spectrophotometrically. While the concentration of IL6, AOPPS, AGEs, TNF-α, MMP9 and Isoprostanes were measured by using commercially available Elisa kits. Results: This research work was conducted on a total of 100 control subjects and 270 leukemic patients and the results were described on mean values. Many circulating biochemical stress markers, antioxidants and vitamins were investigated. All enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, vitamins were decreased in leukemic individuals while markers which showed high oxidative stress like MDA, IL6, AOPPS, TNF-α and MMP9 were elevated in leukemic patients. Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that low levels of antioxidants and high levels of oxidative stress depict the pathological state of leukemia and defected cell proliferation and growth. Continuous evaluation of antioxidant levels during leukemia can serve as a way of better prognosis and treatment of leukemia.

LEUKEMIA; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF PROPHETIC VARIABLES OF MEDICAL IMPORTANCE AND THEIR POTENTIAL ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS