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Background: Atherosclerosis, with chief contribution of vascular injury, inflammation and oxidative stress is the major cause of majority of cardiovascular diseases. Understanding of its pathophysiology provides initial prognosis, designing of new therapeutics for its prevention and different treatment protocols. Objectives: The present study was designed to evaluate the role of oxidative and inflammatory markers of medical importance in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Study Design: Prospective case control study. Setting: Sample collection from Punjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC), Lahore and all the experimental work was done at Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore. Period: February 2015 to April 2016. Methodology: Biophysical, hematological, antioxidative capacity, inflammatory markers and lipid profile were estimated in atherosclerotic patients. Results: The BMI (31.26±1.66) were significantly increased in atherosclerotic patients when were compared with controls. MDA was recorded as 3.99±0.16 in atherosclerotic patients followed by 1.66±0.11 nmol/ml in healthy control respectively. Nitric oxide (NO) in the patients (35.26±4.26 ng/ml) was also significantly raised in the patients than normal subjects (21.26±2.35 ng/ml). Whereas mean serum levels of MPO and AGEs in patients were 0.237±.0013 pmol/ml and 2.46±0.09 U/ml respectively. Increased levels of TCh (217.56±10.99, TG (199.67±11.02), and LDL (131.87±9.56) along with decrease in HDL 33.76±3.85 mg/dl were recorded respectively. The hs-CRP showed significant increased levels in atherosclerotic group (3.93±0.14mg/dl) as compared to normal control (1.68±0.06mg/L). The mean serum level of TNF-α and IL-6 in diseased group was recorded as 41.25±3.65pg/ml and 6.35±0.64 pg/ml respectively. The significant decreasing trend of total anti-oxidant capacity, SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx, GRx, vitamin A and C but increasing drift of vitamin E was observed in atherosclerotic patients. Conclusion: Following study reported that elevated oxidative stress and inflammation along with lipid peroxidation are the major contributors in the progression of atherosclerosis.

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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; INTERRELATIONSHIP OF EXTRAPOLATIVE VARIABLES AND THEIR POTENTIAL ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT: STUDY FROM THE LOCAL POPULATION OF PUNJAB PAKISTAN