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High-dose pegylated interferon alpha-2b (IFN 〈2b) is an antineoplastic agent and biological response modulator used as first-line adjuvant therapy in cases of melanoma. Development of IFN-associated retinopathy is a rare but known complication of treatment. In the setting of additional co-morbidities, such as diabetes or hypertension, the etiology of retinopathy may be difficult to assess given the shared findings of nerve fiber layer infarcts and variably affected visual acuity. Thus, it is recommended to conduct a baseline ophthalmologic examination for patients with other comorbidities prior to initiating high-dose IFN therapy to help guide appropriate intervention should retinopathy develop. Once detected, the distribution of nerve fiber layer infarcts should be noted on exam, as well as duration and severity of diabetes, hypertension, and IFN therapy to help narrow the differential. We report a case of a 55-year-old female who developed retinopathy after initiating high-dose IFN therapy for cutaneous melanoma in the setting of a history of diabetes and systemic hypertension. The retinopathy resolved with discontinuation of the adjuvant therapy.

Retinopathy from Interferon Therapy for Cutaneous Melanoma in a Patient with Hypertension and Diabetes—A Case Report