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Perinatal asphyxia is a leading cause of preventable brain injury. Between four and nine million newborns develop birth asphyxia. It is estimated that 1.2 million evolve to death and at least the same number develops important disabling neurological sequels. These children need to be accompanied by experts, especially in the first year of life. The continuity of care after hospital discharge should be guaranteed so that there is follow-up care to those who are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. To identify factors associated with dropout of outpatient specialized treatment of children diagnosed with perinatal asphyxia. The study was conducted in neonatal care clinic specializing in a reference hospital for high-risk births in the state of Sergipe. 98 children with perinatal asphyxia discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of this hospital participated in the study. Results: the children who were followed up were  between two months to two years old, and predominantly male 69 . Ten children were discharged at age 24 months and had important neurological sequels. Thirty-one children  were discharged aged  10 to 20 months without deficit and 35  remained in regular monitoring. There was a record of 22 cases of noncompliance, before the sixth medical consultation. Among the reasons for the doctor following the abandonment of the follow-up service, there were more reasons regarding the absence of symptoms (and distance from home). The absence of symptoms and distance from the capital were associated with the abandonment of outpatient treatment of anoxic children. Outpatient services should be organized to minimize the follow-up abandon situations. Keywords: Ambulatory Care. Asphyxia Neonatorum. Health Planning. Resumo Asfixia perinatal e uma das principais causas de lesao cerebral evitavel. Cerca de quatro a nove milhoes de recem-nascidos desenvolvem asfixia ao nascer. Estima-se que 1,2 milhao evoluem para obito e desenvolvem sequelas neurologicas incapacitantes. Essas criancas precisam ser acompanhadas por especialistas, principalmente no primeiro ano de vida. A continuidade da assistencia apos a alta hospitalar deve ser garantida para que haja seguimento do cuidado aos que apresentam maior risco de morbimortalidade. Identificar fatores associados ao abandono do tratamento ambulatorial especializado de criancas diagnosticadas com asfixia perinatal. Estudo desenvolvido no ambulatorio de assistencia neonatal de uma maternidade referencia para partos de alto risco no estado de Sergipe. Participaram do estudo 98 criancas anoxiadas egressas da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal dessa maternidade. As criancas acompanhadas tinham entre dois meses a dois anos, predominantemente do sexo masculino 69. Dez criancas receberam alta por idade aos 24 meses, apresentando sequelas neurologicas importantes. Trinta e uma criancas receberam alta entre 10 a 20 meses sem deficit e 35 mantiveram-se em acompanhamento regular. Houve o registro de 22 casos de abandono do tratamento, antes da sexta consulta medica. Entre os motivos para o abandono do seguimento no servico de follow-up , predominaram a ausencia de sintomas e a distância do domicilio. A ausencia de sintomas e a distância da capital estiveram associadas ao abandono de tratamento ambulatorial de criancas anoxiadas. Os servicos ambulatoriais devem estar organizados para minimizar situacoes de abandono do seguimento. Palavras-chave: Assistencia Ambulatorial. Asfixia Neonatal. Planejamento em Saude.

Perinatal Asphyxia: Factors Associated with Noncompliance in the specialized Outpatient Treatment