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espanolEl restablecimiento del sistema constitucional doceanista en 1820 se inserto en un contexto hostil, tanto desde la perspectiva interna como desde la internacional. En el Trienio hubo una pronunciada problematica del orden publico ligada a los problemas de bandidismo y a la presencia armada de la disidencia realista, la cual desencadena una “guerra de partidas”, palpable como tal al menos desde fines de 1820. Esta intento generar un Estado Absolutista alternativo en el interior capaz de batir militar y politicamente al Estado Liberal, cuyo resultado fue la primera de las guerras civiles del XIX: la insurreccion realista de 1822. El intento fracaso porque el Estado liberal no fue suficientemente fuerte como para erradicar las partidas. Sin embargo, a pesar de la division de los constitucionales, si consiguio evitar que se formara un ejercito realista de estructura tradicional e impidio la aparicion de “zonas liberadas” que pudieran servirle de base. Al final, la ruptura abierta entre el Rey y las Cortes (marzo de 1823) termino con la ficcion inaugurada en marzo de 1820: con este Rey no habia monarquia constitucional posible sobre la que reposar tanto el sistema constitucional como la lealtad de las fuerzas armadas. EnglishThe reestablishment of the doceanista constitutional system in 1820 was inserted in a hostile context, both from the internal and the international perspective. In the Triennium there was a pronounced public order problem linked to the problems of banditry and the armed presence of the royalist dissent, which triggered a "war of parties", palpable at least since the end of 1820. This tried to generate an alternative absolutist State in the interior capable of defeating the liberal State militarily and politically, the result of which was the first of the 19th civil wars: the royalist insurrection of 1822. The attempt failed because the liberal State was not strong enough to eradicate the parties. However, despite the division of the constitutional ones, it did manage to avoid the formation of a royalist army with a traditional structure and prevented the appearance of "liberated zones" that could serve as its base. In the end, the open rupture between the King and the Cortes (March 1823) ended with the fiction inaugurated in March 1820: with this King there was no possible constitutional monarchy on which to rest both the constitutional system and the loyalty of the armed forces.

El camino a la guerra civil. La política de orden público en el Trienio desde las Cortes