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BACKGROUND Cardiac surgery (CS) is a highly complex procedure that causes changes in several physiological mechanisms and great organic and psychic stress to the subject. Approximately 350 cardiac surgeries / 1,000,000 inhabitant / year are performed in Brazil, including pacemakers and defibrillators. CS may cause decreased lung volume and capacity, as well as decreased respiratory muscle strength, which contributes to the increased incidence of respiratory complications that are the major cause of postoperative CS morbidity. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery undergo a series of preoperative examinations and tests to avoid possible complications. Some of these tests performed preoperatively are manovacuometry and peak expiratory flow (PEF), low-cost tests that minimize the risk of respiratory function impairment. The measurement of respiratory muscle strength allows the diagnosis of respiratory failure in several pathologies, in which occur changes in the contractile strength of these muscles, and depending on the intensity and quantification can be classified as respiratory muscle weakness, fatigue or failure. There is evidence that patients who do not have high preoperative maximal inspiratory pressure(MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) have a higher risk of developing postoperative pulmonary complications, and some authors have even suggested the inclusion of MEP on a risk factor scale for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Usually the postoperative period comes with pulmonary complications which is a condition that may be caused by some conditions arising from cardiac surgery such as: anesthetic procedure, surgical incision, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), ischemia time, intensity of surgical manipulation and number of pleural drains, so preoperative physiotherapy work becomes indispensable. In this context, the research aimed to follow cardiac surgery patients from pre, post and hospital discharge through pulmonary functional assessment.

Pulmonary function in preoperative, postoperative and post hospital discharge after heart surgery: controlled clinical study.