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In this study, a pretreatment of empty fruit bunch (EFB) using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), acid and alkaline were investigated for glucose yield from enzymatic hydrolysis. The chemical composition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of EFB before and after pretreatment were determined. From this study, the chemical composition of EFB (% g/g dry biomass) before pretreatment for cellulose, hemicellulose and Klason lignin were recorded as 36.7%, 22.8%, and 24.2%, respectively. After pretreatment, the highest cellulose composition was obtained from EFB treated with alkaline followed by acid and SC-CO2 which gave the results of 48.5%, 47.7% and 38% respectively. The glucose yield after enzymatic hydrolysis for untreated EFB was 17% (w/w). After pretreatment, the glucose yield increased to 84.4%, 34% and 24% for alkaline, acid and SC-CO2 of the treated EFB, respectively. Other than that, XRD analysis showed increase in the crystallinity index after each pretreatment. Morphology analysis showed the surface of the treated EFB looked swollen and ruptured as compared with the surface of the untreated EFB. Between the three pretreatments, alkaline pretreatment gives the highest cellulose composition and glucose yield. Thus, it shows that alkaline pretreatment was the best pretreatment method on EFB compared to acid and SC-CO2 pretreatments.

THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS PRETREATMENT METHODS ON EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH FOR GLUCOSE PRODUCTION