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29 30 Mastitis is the most common disease in dairy herds and the main cause of economic losses 31 in milk production worldwide. This inflammatory reaction of the mammary gland affects 32 the quantity, composition, quality, and aptitude of milk processed by the industry. 33 However, in Colombia there are no regulations on somatic cell count (SCC); that is, there 34 are no official limits for the dairy industry. The quality-based payment system does not 35 encourage producers to reduce the level of somatic cells, thus increasing the payment 36 received per liter of raw milk. This puts Colombia at a disadvantage compared to countries 37 that include this parameter in their payment schemes and that have free trade agreements 38 with Colombia, negatively affecting the competitiveness of the dairy sector. This article 39 reviews the types of somatic cells, the microbiology of mastitis, its etiology and diagnosis, 40 the changes that generate the composition of milk, and the impact of high SCCs on the 41 quality of certain dairy products, such as yogurts, cheeses, and milk powder. The final 42 section offers a reflection on the problem of high SCCs in Colombia and the lack of 43 regulations in this regard. 44

Mastitis, somatic cell count, and its impact on dairy-product quality… An omission in Colombia?: A review