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Since its establishment in 1967 through the Bangkok Declaration, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has developed from a group of five countries into a set of robust and cohesive regional mechanism. However, one of the most fundamental criticisms on ASEAN is the principle of non-interference which all member countries firmly uphold; critics argued that the principle is an obstacle for member countries to achieve greater regional integration. Why the principle of non-interference is deeply rooted in the dynamics between ASEAN member countries? This article argues that the institutionalization of non-interference principle was driven by two important factors. First, ASEAN member countries were confronted against the high tension of Cold War where the two Superpowers were involved in struggle to gain influence in the region. Furthermore, the Sino-Soviet split in mid 1950s combined with the preponderance of US presence in the region through its domino theory in Southeast Asia resulted in immensely complex regional constellations among Southeast Asian countries. Second, domestic situations of ASEAN member countries that were communist and non-communist States caused deep distrust between countries that reside on the same region. While non-interference principle has been severely criticized, ASEAN’s unique regionalism has allowed itself to transform into one of the most important global players today. Keyword: ASEAN, ASEAN Way, regionalism in Southeast Asia, the principle of non-interference, the cold War. Abstrak Sejak didirikan pada tahun 1967 melalui Deklarasi Bangkok, Asosiasi Bangsa-bangsa Asia Tenggara (ASEAN) telah berkembang dari sekelompok lima negara menjadi seperangkat mekanisme regional yang kuat dan kohesif. Namun, salah satu kritik fundamental terhadap ASEAN adalah prinsip saling tidak menginterfensi (non-interference) yang sangat dipegang kuat oleh semua negara anggota; pengkritik berpendapat bahwa prinsip non-interference merupakan hambatan bagi para negara anggota dalam mencapai integrasi regional. Kenapa prinsip non-interference begitu mengakar kuat dalam dinamika antar negara-negara anggota ASEAN? Artikel ini berpendapat bahwa pelembagaan prinsip non-interference didorong oleh dua faktor penting. Pertama, negara anggota ASEAN dihadapkan pada ketegangan dinamika Perang Dingin dimana kedua negara adidaya terlibat dalam perjuangan untuk mendapatkan pengaruh di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Selanjutnya, perpecahan Sino-Soviet pada pertengahan 1950-an ditambah dengan dominannya kehadiran AS melalui teori domino di Asia Tenggara menghasilkan konstelasi regional yang sangat kompleks diantara negara Asia Tenggara. Kedua, situasi domestik antara negara anggota ASEAN yang komunis dan non-komunis menyebabkan ketidakpercayaan yang mendalam diantara negaranegara yang tinggal di kawasan yang sama. Meskipun prinsip non-interference dikritik secara luas, karakter unik regionalisme ASEAN telah memungkinkan ASEAN sebagai suatu institusi untuk menjelma menjadi salah satu pemain penting di dunia

Prinsip Non-Interference ASEAN dalam Perang Dingin (1970-1990)