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20 localities were randomly selected in Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey and samples were collected from around the beehives from April to September. Total of 4,640 dead adult worker bees were examined during the study. Total infection rate in worker bees was 21.23%. Nosema ceranae was identified in all localities with molecular techniques. Temperature and humidity values were measured from around the beehives during field studies. The infection rate of N. ceranae increased proportionally with increasing temperature and humidity factors. Humidity was more effective than temperature on the infection rate of N. ceranae. The seasonal activity of N. ceranae was studied. The highest infection rates were observed in June and July. N. ceranae infection rate was higher in localities that were in low-altitude than in localities that were in high-altitude.

journal of environmental science and engineering. b

The Effects of Temperature and Humidity around the Beehives on the Distribution of Nosema ceranae, and also Geographical and Seasonal Activity of the Infection in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey